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فَقُلْتُ اسْتَغْفِرُوا رَبَّكُمْ إِنَّهُ كَانَ غَفَّارًا (10) يُرْسِلِ السَّمَاءَ عَلَيْكُمْ مِدْرَارًا (11) وَيُمْدِدْكُمْ بِأَمْوَالٍ وَبَنِينَ وَيَجْعَلْ لَكُمْ جَنَّاتٍ وَيَجْعَلْ لَكُمْ أَنْهَارًا (12)
“Maka aku katakan kepada mereka: ‘Mohonlah ampun kepada Tuhanmu, sesungguhnya Dia adalah Maha Pengampun, niscaya Dia akan mengirimkan hujan kepadamu dengan lebat, dan membanyakkan harta dan anak-anakmu, dan mengadakan untukmu kebun-kebun dan mengadakan (pula di dalamnya) untukmu sungai-sungai.” (QS. Nuh: 10-12)
Untuk edisi kali ini kami akan membahas ayat ke 10-12 dari Surat Nuh, surat ke 71 dalam al-Qur’an. Surat Nuh diturunkan sesudah surat an-Nahl. Surat Nuh terdiri dari 28 ayat yang seluruhnya diturunkan di kota Makkah. Karena ini, Surah Nuh tergolong Surat Makkiyah.
Dinamakan Surat Nuh karena surat ini seluruh ayatnya menjelaskan ajakan, pengaduan dan doa Nabi Nuh terhadap kaumnya.
Seperti ayat di atas yang berisi seruan Nabi Nuh pada kaumnya agar bertobat, meminta ampun kepada Alloh atas kekufuran dan kemusyrikan mereka kepada Alloh SWT.
Dalam tafsir Ibnu Katsir dijelaskan bahwa maksud firman Alloh
فَقُلْتُ اسْتَغْفِرُوا رَبَّكُمْ إِنَّهُ كَانَ غَفَّارًا
Yakni kembalilah kamu ke jalan-Nya dan tinggalkanlah apa yang kamu biasa lakukan itu dan bertobatlah kamu kepadanya dari dekat. Karena sesungguhnya barang siapa yang bertobat kepada-Nya, niscaya Dia menerima tobatnya, sekalipun dosa-dosanya besar dalam kekafiran dan kemusyrikannya. Karena itulah maka disebutkan oleh firman-Nya:
(فَقُلْتُ اسْتَغْفِرُوا رَبَّكُمْ إِنَّهُ كَانَ غَفَّارًا يُرْسِلِ السَّمَاءَ عَلَيْكُمْ مِدْرَارًا)
Maksudnya, terus-menerus memohon ampunan; karena itulah maka disunnahkan membaca surat ini dalam salat istisqa’ (memohon hujan) mengingat maknanya sangat relevan dengannya.
Hal yang sama telah dilakukan oleh Amirul Mu’minin Umar ibnul Khattab RA, bahwa dia menaiki mimbar untuk memanjatkan doa istisqa’, maka tiada yang dibacanya selain dari istighfar dan membaca beberapa ayat dalam istighfarnya yang antara lain adalah ayat ini:
(فَقُلْتُ اسْتَغْفِرُوا رَبَّكُمْ إِنَّهُ كَانَ غَفَّارًا يُرْسِلِ السَّمَاءَ عَلَيْكُمْ مِدْرَارًا)
Kemudian Umar berkata, “Sesungguhnya aku telah menunggu-nunggu datangnya hujan melalui bintang-bintang yang merupakan pertanda akan datangnya hujan.” Ibnu Abbas dan lain-lainnya mengatakan bahwa datanglah awan secara beriringan, sebagian darinya berurutan dengan sebagian yang lainnya. Dan Firman Alloh SWT:
(وَيُمْدِدْكُمْ بِأَمْوَالٍ وَبَنِينَ وَيَجْعَلْ لَكُمْ جَنَّاتٍ وَيَجْعَلْ لَكُمْ أَنْهَارًا)
“Dan memperbanyak harta dan anak-anakmu, dan mengadakan untukmu kebun-kebun dan mengadakan (pula di dalamnya) untukmu sungai-sungai”. (Nuh: 12)
Semuanya itu dengan syarat apabila kamu bertobat kepada Alloh dan memohon ampun kepada-Nya serta taat kepada-Nya, maka Dia akan memperbanyak rizqi kalian dan menyirami kalian dengan keberkahan dari langit dan menumbuhkan bagi kalian keberkatan bumi sehingga bumi menjadi subur menumbuhkan tetanamannya, dan menyuburkan bagi kalian air susu ternak kalian dan memberimu banyak harta dan anak-anak dan menjadikan bagi kalian kebun-kebun yang di dalamnya terdapat berbagai macam buah-buahan dan di tengah-tengah (celah-celah)nya dibelahkan bagi kalian sungai-sungai yang mengalir. Ini merupakan seruan dengan memakai metode targib. Kemudian beralih dengan cara tarhib dalam seruannya kepada mereka. Untuk itu Nuh berkata:
(مَا لَكُمْ لَا تَرْجُونَ لِلَّهِ وَقَارًا)
“Mengapa kamu tidak percaya akan kebesaran Alloh?” (Nuh: 13)
Sedangkan Imam al Qurtuby dalam kitab al-Jaami’ Li Ahkamil Qur’an menjelaskan bahwa ketika sudah lama kaum Nabi Nuh ‘alaihissalam tidak mau menaati ajakan beliau untuk beriman kepada Alloh. Maka mereka diberi azab oleh Alloh berupa kekeringan dan mandulnya kaum perempuan selama empat puluh tahun. Hal itu menjadikan hancurnya ternak dan tanaman mereka. Setelah keadaan ini berlangsung lama, mereka mendatangi Nabi Nuh untuk meminta pertolongan.
Oleh Nabi Nuh mereka diminta untuk beristighfar, meminta ampun dari dosa kekufuran dan kemusyrikan kepada Alloh. Bila mereka mau beristighfar, Nabi Nuh menjanjikan bahwa Alloh akan menurunkan hujan yang deras dari langit, memberi limpahan harta dan keturunan, serta menjadikan kebun-kebun dan sungai-sungai yang dapat menghidupi mereka.
Beliau juga menambahkan, bahwa dalam ayat tersebut terkandung tiga masalah yaitu:
1. Permintaan ampun dari dosa-dosa yang lampau dengan keikhlasan iman.
2. Turunnya hujan yang sangat deras.
3. Dengan membaca istighfar akan turun hujan dan rizqi.
Sementara itu, menurut Imam ar-Razi dalam tafsirnya menjelaskan ayat di atas, bahwa orang yang memperbanyak istighfar akan mendapatkan lima keistimewaan, yaitu:
Pertama, akan turun hujan lebat setelah kemarau yang berkepanjangan. Hal ini sebagai solusi bila terjadi kemarau berkepanjangan yang melanda sebuah desa atau negara, maka kepala negara atau tokoh yang berpengaruh menganjurkan rakyatnya untuk mengadakan salat Istisqa’ dan memperbanyak istighfar, berharap rahmat segera turun ke daerah itu.
Kedua, orang yang selalu beristighfar dalam kehidupan yang ia jalani, baik dari segi materi maupun rohani akan selalu dimudahkan dan tercukupi.
Ketiga, orang yang belum diberi keturunan akan segera mendapatkan momongan, karena sebuah keluarga dianggap sempurna bila sudah diberi keturunan untuk melanjutkan perjuangan orang tuanya.
Keempat, Alloh akan memberi keberkahan atas hasil pertanian yang mereka tanam, serta dijauhkan dari segala hama tanaman.
Kelima, Alloh akan mencukupi sumber mata air sebagai sumber kehidupan, karena tanpanya manusia akan binasa, dan segala tumbuhan akan mati ketika terjadi kelangkaan air.
Maka dari itu, para ulama menyimpulkan bahwa istighfar merupakan sebab terbesar diturunkannya hujan dan diperolehnya berbagai macam rizqi serta bertambah dan berkembangnya keberkahan.
Imam Qurtuby dalam kitab tafsirnya menceritakan bahwa suatu ketika datang seseorang kepada Imam Hasan al-Basri mengadukan masalahnya. Orang pertama datang mengadukan musim paceklik, kemudian Hasan al-Basri berkata kepadanya: “Istighfarlah engkau kepada Alloh”.
Kemudian orang kedua datang mengadukan tentang kemiskinannya, Hasan al-Basri juga berkata kepadanya: “Istighfar lah engkau kepada Alloh”.
Datang lagi orang ketiga mengadukan kondisinya yang tidak kunjung dikaruniai anak, Hasan al-Basri berkata kepadanya: “Istighfarlah engkau kepada Alloh”.
Datang lagi orang keempat mengadukan tentang kebunnya yang kering, kemudian Hasan al- Basri berkata kepadanya: “Istighfarlah engkau kepada Alloh”.
Semua keluhan dan masalah yang diadukan kepada Hasan al-Basri dijawabnya dengan: “Istighfarlah engkau kepada Alloh”.
Memperhatikan hal tersebut, al-Rabi bin al-Sabih, murid Hasan al-Basri bertanya kepada beliau “Wahai Syekh Hasan al-Basri, tadi orang-orang berdatangan kepadamu mengadukan berbagai permasalahan, dan engkau memerintahkan mereka semua agar beristighfar, mengapa demikian?
Hasan al-Bashri menjawab: “Aku tidak menjawab berdasarkan pikiranku sendiri, tetapi karena Alloh SWT telah mengatakan dalam firman-Nya di Surat Nuh ayat 10-12.”
فَقُلْتُ اسْتَغْفِرُوا رَبَّكُمْ إِنَّهُ كَانَ غَفَّارًا (10) يُرْسِلِ السَّمَاءَ عَلَيْكُمْ مِدْرَارًا (11) وَيُمْدِدْكُمْ بِأَمْوَالٍ وَبَنِينَ وَيَجْعَلْ لَكُمْ جَنَّاتٍ وَيَجْعَلْ لَكُمْ أَنْهَارًا (12)
Maka dari ayat yang indah ini, ada begitu banyak manfaat dari istighfar yang kita ketahui. Inilah solusi bagi siapa saja yang tengah berada dalam masalah.
Semoga dengan memperbanyak istighfar, Alloh SWT memberikan banyak jalan terbaik di setiap langkah yang kita jalani, termasuk rizqi yang tak terduga dari mana datangnya.
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